Integrated circuit is a way of miniaturization of circuits (mainly including semiconductor equipment, also including passive components, etc.). Using a certain process, the transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors and other components and wiring required in a circuit are interconnected, fabricated on a small or several small semiconductor chips or dielectric substrates, and then encapsulated in a shell to become a micro structure with the required circuit functions; All the components have formed a whole in structure, which makes the electronic components take a big step towards miniaturization, low power consumption, intelligence and high reliability. [1]
It is a micro electronic device or component, which is represented by the letter "IC" in the circuit. The inventors are Jack Kirby (integrated circuit based on germanium (GE)) and Robert neuth (integrated circuit based on silicon (SI)). Nowadays, most of the applications in the semiconductor industry are silicon-based integrated circuits, which is a new type of semiconductor device developed from the late 1950s to 1960s